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According to Sadiq Khan, there are "nearly 10,000 Londoners dying early every year due to air pollution."

The surcharge, also referred to as ‘T-Charge,’ aims to improve London’s air quality.

Drivers of diesel and petrol cars issued mainly before 2006, will have to pay the new £10 charge to enter the Congestion Zone.

However, drivers of other vehicles could also be affected, if their cars are found to not comply with the Euro IV exhaust standard.

This will be an additional payment to the pre-existing £11.50 per day drivers pay to enter Central London between 07:00 and 18:00 on weeekdays.

This means that total spend may add up to up to £21.50 per day if a vehicle falls into the specified category.

Critics of the scheme say that it would ‘disproportionately penalise London’s poorest drivers.’

The new T-charge aims to improve the quality of London’s air and according to London Mayor Sadiq Khan, it will affect 34,000 motorists per month.

“Roughly speaking each year more than 9,000 Londoners die prematurely because of the poor quality air – children in our city whose lungs are underdeveloped, with adults who suffer from conditions such as asthma, dementia and strokes directly caused by poor quality air,” Mr Khan told Radio 4’s ‘Today’ programme.

Smog covers London on 15 October.
Smog covers London on 15 October. /PA Images

The T-Charge is seen as the first step towards London’s stricter ‘Ultra Low Emission Zone’ (ULEZ), which is planned to come into effect in 2020. However, Sadiq Khan is looking into ways to bring it forward to 2019.

Future plans for the T-Charge zone include expanding it to include areas up to the North and South Circular roads by 2021.

To check if your vehicle will be affected by the new charge, visit TfL’s T-Charge website for more details.